Place Strategy for Dairy Farmers Milk :: Business Management Studies

Spot Strategy for Dairy Farmers Milk Current circumstance I do the examination in Woolworths grocery store of the maquarie shopping focus. At the point when I go into the general store, The principal items I saw are the new vegetable and natural products, for example, banana, strawberry, apple, and so on the left is the new bread path, and there is a solitary walkway which give the esteemed produces. Stroll along the bread racks, at that point I see the store which deal lunchmeat, bacon and so forth. At the point when you turn right, you can see the solidified region, clients can pick refrigerated things here, and White milk ice chest is on the left end, simply close the store. In Woolworths Home Brand is set in the left, Pura is in the center of the ice chest, and they give full cream milk, skim milk, and Light milk, In the correct segment is Dairy Farmers, And they as it were give Dairy Farmers Best, 1 liter, 2 liter, and Lite White, 2litre, That implies a scope of constrained pack sizes and classifications for expends to pick. The refrigerator is isolated into 4 racks, on the top is the Skim Milk with little pack size, the second is uprooted with 1lt milk, the third is 2lt milk, and the base is the 3lts. Inverse the solidified zone there are 12 walkways dislodge items from food to cleanser, and even nursery care. Rivalry Direct rivalry ================== Since the Home Brand and ‘Woolworths’ is the Woolworths own-brands, general stores are for the most part considering excusing the name brands they stock and supporting their own home image, they put their items on the most attractive spot to pull in customers’ consideration, and give a scope of pack size for clients, While dairy ranchers items are more subtle, and they don't give 3lt pack size on the base rack. There are simply 1lt and 2lt milk on the first and second level in the correct refrigerator, Woolworths just stock my competitions’ items, the explanation is self-evident: they can make more cash from that item than they would from a major maker. The immediate contender of Woolworths is Franline, this grocery store is additionally situated on level 3, and it’s close to the stopping place, So it’s more helpful for client who drive a vehicle for shopping. Aberrant rivalry ==================== Inverse the White milk ice chest is the seasoned milk passageway, juice and tea path, and so forth customers have numerous options when they feel parched. There is a food court on level 3, and more than 15 cafâ © shops are situated in this mall, since certain clients of the shopping focus are understudies and staff of close by office towers, when they find a few beverages, they can pick numerous things other than milk.

History of Michigan Test

Portage's amazing race vehicle. This driver proceeded to establish a few speed precedents in the vehicle. A. Barney Oldie Ransom E. Olds' central rival at the turn of the twentieth century. F. David D. Buick A rich rancher and network pioneer who requested a wide range of brutality against railways, remembering consuming the new Michigan Central station for Detroit in 1850. B. Capable F. Fitch The man who established General Motors. His vision was to join a few littler auto organizations into one huge aggregate that could offer â€Å"a vehicle for each satchel and reason. C. William C. â€Å"Billy† Duran Prominent Saginaw occupant ho unlawfully dealt with 1 5,000 sections of land of decision pine land which had been saved for Indian proprietorship D. Ezra Rust 4. To discover the area of the best wood, blunder organizations employed men to walk the timberlands and imprint on maps the locales of stands of decision trees. These men were called â€Å"pine scouts† or _: A) loggers B) lumberjacks C) shanty young men D) hatchet men 5. A 1846, the Michigan State Legislature chose to escape the railroad business.A fight called the â€Å"Great Railroad Conspiracy† came about when the privately owned businesses that assumed control over the state's rail lines reported that they uproarious no longer bear to proceed with what strategy? An) offering Michigan ranchers limited rates for transportation their yields to showcase on the train B) repaying ranchers for the passings of any domesticated animals that meandered onto the tracks and were executed by passing trains C) repaying ranchers for crops becoming close to railroad tracks that were incidentally determined to fire by flashes flying out of the smokestacks of passing trains D) conveying the U.S. Mail on the train 6. Who built up America's first car organization in 1893? A) Ransom E. Olds B) Henry Ford C) Charles and Frank Audrey D) John and Horace Dodge As late as 1883â€before the U. S. What's more, Canada built up a standard strategy for telling timeâ€Michigan had in any event what number of various time regions? A) 4 C) 17 D) 27 8. A noteworthy development in railroad technologyâ€the programmed greasing up cup†significantly improved railroad productivity in the late-nineteenth century.It was created by an African-American designer and mechanical specialist from Detroit named: An) Elijah McCoy B) Garrett Morgan C) Frederick Douglass D) Otis smith 9. Henry Ford idealized the sequential construction system method to expand vehicle creation, however Ford didn't imagine the mechanical production system. What Michigan is reedited with being the FIRST to thought of building vehicles on a mechanical production system? A) William C. ‘Billy† Duran B) J. L. Hudson C) Ransom E. Olds D) Louis Chevrolet E) Horace Dodge 10. Henry Ford got known as the â€Å"workingman's friend† in 1 914 when he did what?A) multiplied the pay rates of his workers from $2. 30 to $5. 00 every day B) decreased the normal work week from six days to five days C) diminished the normal work day from ten hours to eight hours D) introduced guarding and different gadgets to shield laborers from getting their hands, hair or apparel trapped in the turning riggings, belts and wheels of his industrial facility's sparkles 11 . Len 1 920, Henry Ford distributed a progression of ninety-one enemy of Semitic articles entitled, â€Å"The International Jew: The World's Problem† in what distribution? A) TIME magazine B) â€Å"Social Justice,† a bulletin distributed by another Detroit against Semite, Father Charles E.Slouching C) Ford's own paper, the DEARBORN INDEPENDENT D) THE JEFFERSONIAN magazine, distributed by Thomas E. Watson, a George legislator and individual from the UK Klux Klan 12. Who is credited with driving the primary gas controlled vehicle through the roads of Detroit in 1896? A) Henry Ford B) Ransom E. Olds C) Goodliest Daimler D) Charles Br ady King 13. What was one of the most enduring commitments that Henry Ford made to the car business? A) windshield wipers B) carburetor C) left-hand drive D) electric starter 14.What Michigan city was the childhood home for Thomas Alva Edison, perhaps the best creator? A) Battle Creek B) port Huron C) Mount Clemens D) Mount Pleasant 1 5. Henry Ford established the Ford Motor Company in 1903 and in 1908, presented the vehicle that not just put him on the map (and a multi-tycoon), however truly put the world on wheels. What was Ford's vehicle called? A) Model A B) Model N C) Model T D) Model K 6. Like European churches in the Middle Ages, what structures in 1 ninth century America turned into the image of network pride and prosperity?A) railroad stops B) high rises C) town halls D) bank structures 17. In view of its entrance to tremendous amounts of lumber, Michigan in the backtalk drove the country in what industry? A) furniture fabricating B) transport building C) producing charcoal briquettes D) wooden matches 18. What Michigan city got known as the ‘Vehicle City† in the backtalk? A) Detroit B) Flint C) Lansing D) Grand Rapids 19. A 1869, the normal speed of railways had arrived at a speed that appeared o be as quick as man ought to ever travel, despite the fact that it was not quick enough to move a train up steep hills.How quick were trains ready to go in 1869? A) 38 MPH B) 18 MPH C) 28 MPH D) 8 MPH 20. Ten years after Chicago about caught fire, the Thumb was desolated by fire. The financial misfortune brought about by decimation of harvests and wood surpassed $2 million. Representative Conger mentioned help from a recently framed association whose viability during a debacle had never been tried. What was the name of the association? An) American Red Cross B) Lignite Way C) Salvation Army D) Volunteers of America 1 - What was the essential technique for moving slice trees from the timberlands to sawmills?A) stacking the logs onto freight ships b eing towed by steamships B) stacking them onto horse-drawn carts C) stacking them onto railroad vehicles D) folding them into streams and drifting them downstream 22. Albeit the vast majority Of Michigan rail lines Were worked in the lower landmass, a couple of little ones were developed in the U. P. These lines commonly ran between amble camps and mines to the closest harbor. To what extent was the Lake Superior and Spinning Railroad? A) 10 miles B) 2 miles C) 1/2 mile D) 25 miles E) 5 miles 23. 920 end up being a vital year for John and Horace Dodge, proprietors of the Dodge Brothers.What occurred? A) John and Horse's girls both got hitched around the same time. B)John and Horace both got hitched. C) Both men got pneumonia and kicked the bucket. D) Both men were enlisted into the Automobile Hall of Fame. 24. Americans who were sufficiently fortunate to abstain from being tainted during the incomparable Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 despite everything needed to manage the general wellbeing mandates instituted to forestall the further spread of the infection. Cloth veils were to be worn in broad daylight; retail locations couldn't hold deals; and unreels could last close to 15 minutes.Soon there was a deficiency of: A) dressing covers, cotton gloves, and Kleenex tissues B) penicillin, anti-inflamatory medicine, and sulfa drugs C) satisfactory supplies of new food and uncontaminated drinking water D) final resting places, undertakers, and undertakers 25. A the 19-youngsters, one dynamic applicant was chosen as Michigan senator. Under his administration, the assembly passed various change measures, including guideline Of railways, development Of State authority over business, update of state authority over business, and the section of the taste's first laborers' remuneration law.

Comparison of Indirect Cost Multipliers for Vehicle Manufacturing Essay

Disclaimer This report was set up as a record of work supported by an organization of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any organization thereof, nor The University of Chicago, nor any of their representatives or officials, makes any guarantee, express or inferred, or expect any legitimate obligation or duty regarding the exactness, culmination, or helpfulness of any data, contraption, item, or procedure revealed, or speaks to that its utilization would not encroach exclusive rights. Reference thus to a particular business item, procedure, or administration by profession name, trademark, maker, or in any case doesn't really comprise or suggest its underwriting, proposal, or preferring by the United States Government or any office thereof. The perspectives and assessments of record creators communicated in this don't really state or mirror those of the United States Government or any office thereof, Argonne National Laboratory, or The University of Chicago. Examination OF INDIRECT COST MULTIPLIERS FOR VEHICLE MANUFACTURING INTRODUCTION during the time spent assembling and selling vehicles, a maker causes certain expenses. Among these expenses are those brought about straightforwardly as a piece of assembling tasks and those caused in a roundabout way in the procedures of assembling and selling. The roundabout expenses might be productionrelated, for example, R&D and designing; business-related, for example, corporate staff pay rates and benefits; or retail-deals related, for example, vendor backing and promoting. These backhanded expenses are recuperated by allotting them to every vehicle. Under a steady, high-volume creation process, the designation of these backhanded expenses can be approximated as multipliers (or components) applied to the immediate expense of assembling. A maker typically allots backhanded expenses to completed vehicles as per a company explicit estimating methodology. Since the volumes of deals and creation differ generally by model inside an enterprise, the inward corporate percent assignment of different bookkeeping classes, (for example, benefit or corporate overhead) can change broadly among singular models. Approaches likewise differ across companies. For our motivations, a normal worth is built, by methods for a conventional delegate strategy, for vehicle models created at high volume. To achieve this, staff at Argonne National Laboratory’s (ANL’s) Center for Transportation Research investigated the customary vehicle cost structure and created backhanded cost multipliers for traveler vehicles. This update sums up the consequences of a push to analyze and put on a typical premise the cost multipliers utilized in ANL’s electric and half breed electric vehicle cost estimation techniques with those subsequent from two different approachs. One of the two thought about approachs is gotten from a 1996 introduction by Dr. Chris Borroni-Bird of Chrysler Corporation, the other is by Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. (EEA), as portrayed in a 1995 report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), Congress of the United States. The cost multipliers are utilized for scaling the segment expenses to retail costs. ANL METHODOLOGY The ANL procedure portrayed here depends on an investigation worried about electric vehicle creation and working expenses (Cuenca et al. 2000; Vyas et al. 1998). The examination assessed the cost structure for traditional vehicle assembling and retailing and appointed portions of the manufacturer’s proposed retail value (MSRP) to different cost patrons. Multipliers created from the ANL approach are applied to the assembling cost of an individual segment so as to scale the part cost to the retail cost. A few cost patrons are remembered for the system, as summed up in Table 1. A portion of the vehicle segments for electric and cross breed electric vehicles would be acquired from outside providers. This supposition that is applied to electric drive segments, barring the battery; the vehicle producer would create the rest. Along these lines, two cost multipliers, one for the parts made inside and the other for re-appropriated segments, are important to appraise the cost of electric and mixture electric vehicles. Outside providers would cause a portion of the expenses ordinarily borne by the vehicle producer. In the ANL approach, we expect that the expenses of â€Å"Warranty,† â€Å"R&D/Engineering,† and â€Å"Depreciation and Amortization† are borne by the Page 1 providers of re-appropriated parts. The outside providers would remember these expenses for their costs. The accompanying two cost multipliers are figured by utilizing â€Å"Cost of Manufacture† as the base: Cost multiplier for segments made inside = 100/50 = 2. 00. Cost multiplier for re-appropriated parts = 100/(50 + 6. 5 + 5. 5 + 5) = 1. 50. Table 1 Contributors to Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price in ANL Methodology Cost Category Cost Contributor Relative to Share of Cost of Vehicle MSRP Manufacturing (%) Vehicle Manufacturing Cost of Manufacture 1. 00 50. 0 Production Overhead Warranty 0. 10 5. 0 R&D/Engineering 0. 13 6. 5 Depreciation and Amortization 0. 11 5. 5 Corporate Overhead Corporate Overhead, Retirement and 0. 14 7. 0 Health Selling Distribution, Marketing, Dealer 0. 47 23. 5 Support, and Dealer Discount Sum of Costs 1. 95 97. 5 Profit 0. 05 2. 5 Total Contribution to 2. 00 100. 0 MSRP METHODOLOGY DERIVED FROM BORRONI-BIRD PRESENTATION In his introduction, entitled â€Å"Automotive Fuel Cell Requirements,† at the 1996 Automotive Technology Development Customers’ Coordination Meeting, Borroni-Bird remembered graphs for the â€Å"Typical American Automobile: Price/Cost Breakdown. † The outlines gave a graphical breakdown of vehicle value, indicating cost givers and benefit. We utilized the graphs to show up at rate portions of vehicle cost by different patrons. Table 2 shows the subsequent distribution. Page 2 Table 2 Price/Cost Breakdown Based on Borroni-Bird Presentation Cost Category Cost Contributor a Vehicle Manufacturing Fixed Cost Selling Sum of Costs Profit MSRP a Material Cost Assembly Labor and Other Manufacturing a Costs Transportation/Warranty Amortization and Depreciation, Engineering R&D, Pension and Health Care, Advertising, and Overhead Price Discounts Dealer Markup Automobile Profit. Comparative with Cost of Vehicle Manufacturing 0. 87 0. 13 0. 09 0. 44 Share of MSRP (%) 42. 5 6. 5 4. 5 21. 5 0. 10 0. 36 1. 99 0. 06 2. 05 5. 0 17. 5 97. 5 2. 5 100. 0 These two supporters are scaled to aggregate to 1 in the third segment, as in Table 1. In his introduction, Borroni-Bird didn't assess the treatment of in-house or redistributed segments. His system doesn't fit simple calculation of cost multipliers practically identical with those in the ANL technique, except if we make a couple of suspicions. We have accepted that â€Å"Material Cost,† taken along with â€Å"Assembly Labor and Other Manufacturing Costs,† would frame the â€Å"Vehicle Manufacturing† base for the in-house segments. The expenses of â€Å"Transportation/Warranty,† â€Å"Amortization and Depreciation,† and â€Å"Engineering R&D† would be borne by the providers of redistributed segments. In any case, â€Å"Amortization and Depreciation† and â€Å"Engineering R&D† costs were converged with â€Å"Pension and Health Care,† â€Å"Advertising,† and â€Å"Overhead† costs by Borroni-Bird. We accepted that half of the expenses under this classification would be borne by the providers of re-appropriated segments. Our suppositions prompted the accompanying cost multipliers: Cost multiplier for segments fabricated inside = 100/(42. 5 + 6. 5) = 2. 05. Cost multiplier for redistributed parts = 100/(42. 5 + 6. 5 + 4. 5 + 10. 75) = 1. 56. These cost multipliers are fundamentally the same as those processed with the ANL approach. Examination of ANL and Borroni-Bird Methodologies The data from Tables 1 and 2 is appeared as far as cost classifications in Table 3. The two strategies use vehicle producing cost as the base and add different expenses to it. The portion of MSRP owing to â€Å"Vehicle Manufacturing† is half in the ANL approach, contrasted and 49% in the Borroni-Bird Methodology. Borroni-Bird joined a few cost patrons under â€Å"Fixed Cost. † These benefactors incorporate (see Table 2) â€Å"Amortization and Depreciation,† â€Å"Engineering R&D,† â€Å"Pension and Health Care,† â€Å"Advertising,† and â€Å"Overhead. † Except for the consideration of â€Å"Advertising,† â€Å"Production Overhead† and â€Å"Corporate Overhead† in the ANL technique can be joined to frame a proportionate classification. ANL’s aggregate of 24% by creation Page 3 and corporate overheads is somewhat lower than the aggregate of 26% by Borroni-Bird. The ANL class of â€Å"Selling,† which incorporates â€Å"Distribution,† â€Å"Marketing,† â€Å"Dealer Support,† and â€Å"Dealer Discount,† is more extensive than that of â€Å"Price Discounts† and â€Å"Dealer Markup† indicated by BorroniBird, and this category’s commitment is naturally somewhat higher in the ANL procedure. The portion of MSRP by â€Å"Profit† is the equivalent in the two procedures. The total contrasts, registered as ANL esteem less Borroni-Bird esteem, are 1% for â€Å"Vehicle Manufacturing,† â€2% for â€Å"Fixed Cost,† and 1% for â€Å"Selling† cost. Table 3 Comparison of Vehicle Price/Cost Allocation by ANL and Borroni-Bird Methodologies ANL Methodology Cost Contributor or Category Vehicle Manufacturing Production Overhead Corporate Overhead Selling Sum of Costs Profit MSRP EEA METHODOLOGY The technique of Energy and Environmental Analysis is summed up in the OTA report OTAETI-638, entit

Difference of hero and saint Free Essays

The legend versus.. Holy person is something I at first idea I could separate without any problem. We will compose a custom article test on Contrast of legend and holy person or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now I Initially trusted it to be either an individual who lives to the fullest everyday with no idea of what occurs after death which would be the legend, or somebody who lives by a specific arrangement of norms and penances certain things for the sole reason for something guaranteed in the afterlife. Subsequent to tuning in to Professor Ambrosia’s talks and some conversation I have discovered that I wasn’t precisely right In my Minimal pivoting and that it isn’t precisely what I thought. At first my idea on the saint was that they would be an egotistical individual Just living for themselves and their own magnificence. I have discovered this Is false by any stretch of the imagination. While the brilliance part I trust Is to some degree genuine It Is not for narrow minded reasons yet for a feeling of achievement. Truly a legend gets things done for magnificence, anyway It Is for reasons which better their general surroundings. They additionally do things since it is the legitimate and reasonable activity. At the end of the day the saint thinks carefully and less his heart when managing issues. I accepted from the outset that to be a holy person must mean somebody who is exceptionally strict. Have discovered that is additionally an off base idea. I was considering the word holy person and let my own strict convictions cloud my manner of thinking and gave me limited focus. While somebody who is strict most likely leans toward the holy person see it doesn't mean somebody who isn't extremely strict can't likewise fit towards the holy person see on life. A holy person is somebody with a gigantic heart and utilizations it alongside empathy and love to settle on choices and lead them through life. I accept the greater part of us live some place in the middle of holy people and saints. I don't accept that somebody needs to pick one side over the other and I accept that by and large it is smarter to live some place in the middle. Anyway I do feel that on specific events we should pick among them and either settle on a choice dependent on truth despite the fact that it may not be the most humane answer or settle on a choice which even Hough isn’t the sharpest is the kindest and generally genuine. In some cases there Is no in the middle of answer and the appropriate response does Ill totally on one side or the other which compels us to the legend or holy person. BY plea at first trusted it to be either an individual who lives to the fullest everyday without motivation behind something guaranteed in the afterlife. In the wake of tuning in to Professor Ambrosia’s talks and some conversation I have discovered that I wasn’t precisely right in my underlying Initially my idea on the saint was that they would be a childish individual Just living or themselves and their own greatness. I have discovered this isn't correct in any way. While the wonder part I accept is fairly obvious it isn't for egotistical reasons yet for a feeling of achievement. Indeed a legend gets things done for magnificence, anyway it is for reasons which I accepted from the start that to be a holy person must mean somebody who is extremely strict. I however isn’t the sharpest is the kindest and generally sincere. Here and there is no in the middle of answer and the appropriate response lies totally on one side or the other which Instructions to refer to Difference of legend and holy person, Papers

Fast Food Nation Essay Example for Free

Cheap Food Nation Essay The development of the cheap food industry in the course of recent decades into what it is today is an obvious marvel that has happened in an alarmingly quick pace. The truth is it appears that an individual has a sensible possibility of finding a McDonalds inside a 4 mile range of any family unit in the nation, it is likewise questionable this is as of now the case for the world also, and in the event that not presently, at that point very soon in fact. As per an article â€Å"Good Home CookingRight off the Assembly Line,† by James Bone on the Times Online Web website stated, â€Å"only 33% of Americans cook dinners from scratch†, which means with new fixings. Bone additionally reports that â€Å"Americans go through just thirty minutes preparing supper, contrasted and 2-1/2 hours in the 1960s†. In his book Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser says, â€Å"one-quarter of Americans eat in a drive-through joint each day† (3). For what reason are Americans eating so much inexpensive food? The appropriate response is straightforward: they are eager to exchange quality for speed. While Americans might be pulled in to food that is quick and simple, they are feeling the loss of some significant advantages of easing back down. Truth be told, Americans’ fixation on inexpensive food is harming their wellbeing as well as the nature of their lives. The principle reason that Americans are getting take-out food and preparing arranged suppers is self-evident: they don’t have sufficient opportunity. Bone said â€Å"in more than 66% of families in America, two individuals are working†. Individuals with requesting work plans possess little energy for food shopping and cooking. Another explanation that supper time has become so short is that numerous more youthful grown-ups experienced childhood in what one may call a cheap food culture. In the previous fifty years, developments, for example, TVs, fax machines, and PCs have expanded the pace of life. Simultaneously, microwaves, pass through eateries, and TV meals have changed the manner in which Americans eat. Numerous individuals presently like to eat immediately, even in their vehicles or before the TV, rather than setting aside effort to prepare a supper and sit at the table. In this culture of moment satisfaction, individuals don’t think food is sufficiently significant to invest a lot of energy in. Despite the fact that Americans imagine that they are sparing time and improving their lives by eating precooked and prepackaged food, their fixation on cheap food is making the nature of their lives go down. Cheap food doesnt contain the supplements your body needs to remain solid. They have bunches of additives, fat, sugar, and salt to shroud the way that they are not new. Therefore, individuals may feel constantly exhausted and come up short on the vitality they have to finish day by day assignments. On the off chance that individuals don't eat new nourishments that give important nutrients and minerals, they may get drained and wiped out, and they will pass up chances to make the most of their lives. Another genuine wellbeing concern is weight. There is a stoutness pestilence in America today, particularly with youngster, that is identified with the manner in which individuals are eating. As per Schlosser, â€Å"the pace of heftiness among American kids is twice as high as it was in the late 1970s† (240). Stoutness can prompt numerous medical issues, including diabetes, coronary illness, and disease. In The Link Between Fast Food And The Obesity Epidemic. Dustin Frazier composes, â€Å"deaths because of terrible eating routine and physical latency expanded 33 percent over the past decade†. It refers to an examination presuming that, â€Å"poor diet and physical inertia may before long overwhelm tobacco as the main source of death in this country†. Unquestionably, in the event that inexpensive food makes individuals become hefty, and afterward heftiness makes them become ill incredible, food can't be considered â€Å"improvement† in Americans’ lives. Despite the fact that Americans may think they are sparing time and improving their lives by eating cheap food, they will really have more beneficial and increasingly charming lives on the off chance that they change the manner in which they cook and eat. Making supper without any preparation is a lot more advantageous than getting hamburgers and French fries from a drive-through eatery. Furthermore, individuals get something beyond a full stomachthey get additional time with loved ones and a nice sentiment from making something solid. Individuals ought to figure out how to pick cheap food cautiously and recollect the delight of eating great food following some great people's example. Work Cited Bone, James. â€Å"Good Home CookingRight off the Assembly Line. † TimesOnline 27 Mar. 2006. 9 Oct. 2006http://www. timesonline. co. uk/article/0,,11069-2105427,00. html. Frazier, Dustin A. The Link Between Fast Food And The Obesity Epidemic. Wellbeing Matrix: diary Of Law-Medicine 17. 2 (2007): 291-317. Scholarly Search Complete. Web. 17 Sept. 2012. Schlosser, Eric. Inexpensive Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. New York, NY: Perennial, 2002. Print.

Haiti Day 2 DINEPA and mosquito bites

Haiti Day 2 DINEPA and mosquito bites Our first full day in Haiti yesterday was exciting and informative, but also exhausting I actually fell asleep while writing this last night, so lets give this another try this morning, hm? We started off by going to DINEPA, or Direction Nationale de l’Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement, which is the national Haitian drinking water association they organize a lot of health campaigns as well as water testing at the source, although most of the distribution is done by NGOs. Our first, rather impromptu meeting was with a man named Jean Francois, who was in charge of the sanitation campaign aspect. Jean Francois told us that most of the campaigns involved putting up posters, broadcasting public health announcements through radio and sound trucks, and going into the camps and putting on plays on the importance of boiling your water. He also gave us samples of the promotional material, a lot of which we had seen as posters on/above the streets; unfortunately, he didnt have too much o f the information we wanted, since we wanted to know how effective these measures had been data he had yet to analyze. Still, it was fantastic to finally talk to someone in person after weeks of emailing, trying to get in contact with people working with water distribution in Haiti and having no luck. Jean Francois sent us to Madame Elise, a woman involved in the testing aspect of DINEPA, whom we showed our testing kits. She told us she had used our method before and would be interested in helping us distribute them but needed to call around for us, which was again, really exciting our biggest problem thus far has been trying to get in contact with people on the ground here, so to be offered instant help by the biggest water organization in Haiti was definitely a plus. We told her wed be back on Wednesday for the WASH cluster meeting, a big organization put together by the UN based around water and sanitation issues, when wed speak to her again. DINEPA was actually not the first organization we went to wed also stopped at CAMEP, a company that distributed water to several camps, but were turned away because the man in charge there did not have permission from his bosses to speak to us, and as such didnt want to say anything that could misrepresent the organization. His reluctance to answer ANY of our questions, even the seemingly innocuous ones like where do you distribute, was explained to me as fairly representative of business culture in Haiti by one of our Haitian professors, Professor Michel DeGraff. Our other professors are Dale Joachim, a visiting scientist to the media lab and a Haitian American, and Barry Vercoe, who works in music processing as well as with One Laptop Per Child. After DINEPA, Amritaa 10s noticed a radio/TV station across the street, where she wanted to go since her original project was in health education programs on Haitian Radio. So she and Marvin 10 ventured in with Professor DeGraff, who returned outside shortly afterwards full of excitement. You have to come in! he told us. The wife of the man who owns this radio station is my childhood friend, and she wants to meet you! And so, by complete coincidence, we entered the building to receive a tour of the station. The station was run out of a pristine-looking house, in sharp contrast to the other buildings wed seen throughout the city center. The people working there explained to us that theyd been based more inside the city until theyd bought this house, and had been in the process of moving everything up when the earthquake hit. They also asked about our projects, and the man who ran the station (who incidentally looked and sounded a LOT like Quincy Jones anyone? anyone?) said he liked what we were doing, and that we held a lot of power as young people, and that he wanted to broadcast us speaking about our projects for television. And that is the story of how were going to be on Haitian television. (!) I wish I brought something other than free t-shirts and sweaty jean shorts. Oh well, it isnt like MITs hygienic image is getting much better. After this fortuitous meeting, we stopped for lunch, after which we wandered around town for a bit more. We also visited Dales cousins house, whose husband is a dean at the state-owned university, and whose students will be visiting us on Wednesday. These students have been out of school since the earthquake hit, and the dean mentioned that although many of them wanted to help after the earthquake as many of them were civil engineering students the government has not issued any request for help from these students, so they havent done much. Dales cousins also showed us how their house gets power basically by ten big batteries that get power from the city during the day, and at night they use an inverter. The city shuts down power during the night to save money since not many people can afford an inverter, and so most people go without power. I should also mention that many people have told us that there isnt a great feeling for the government here. Many people dont believe the gov ernment is doing everything they can to help the people, and are hoping for more significant action come the October elections. From Dales cousins house, we returned to the hotel for our last meeting of the day, with three Americans who work with WakePlace, an organization that has a series of programs for the XO. These people had distributed forty laptops each to seven different schools in Haiti, teaching a drawing/storytelling/programming program called eToys for a period of six weeks. We spoke to them for over an hour about their stories from working with the children here one encouraging fact is that the laptop does belong to the children, who take them home and often play with them with their families. After a long night of playing with the computers, however, many of them run out of power in the morning and electricity is a major issue for these laptops. Dale had brought a solar panel from the United States to help with the electricity issue, but its power can only be used for so many computers. Our final meeting of the day was another random encounter, in which we met a bunch of ER nurses who are actually from about five minutes away from my hometown. They told us that said they were with some program based in Southern California that sends nurses to help out for two weeks or more. One of the most difficult things about the experience, though, is that many of them dont speak Haitian Creole, which is much more commonly used than French here. On top of that, since many of the Haitian doctors and nurses are no longer getting paid, many of them abandoned their posts after the earthquake. The nurses also told us they see a lot of tetanus, rabies, machete wounds (apparently machete is the weapon of choice here), and gun shot wounds, as well as hypertension and high blood pressure since now people know they can get free care from these volunteer health workers, they just get sent down to the ICU. After speaking to the nurses, we finished up our water tests and headed upstairs to tend to our sore feet and many mosquito bites. Today well go to an XO school in Dalebrun, at the epicenter of the earthquake, to work with the children and see what theyve come up with. Well also bring one of our water kits to potentially teach some of the children at the school how to test their own drinking water. Michel is also teaching us a little Creole, so N a wv ® pita! (See you later!)

Occupational Privacy & the role of surveillance devices - 2750 Words

Occupational Privacy & the role of surveillance devices in the work place (Essay Sample) Content: Occupational Privacy the role of surveillance devices in the work placeNameInstitutional affiliationDateAbstract This paper aims at studying out the advantages of occupational monitoring, and the role that surveillance plays in the privacy of employees. The aspect of privacy was surveyed to have various advantages, which makes it possible for its implementation in the workplace. The other aspect that the study sought to work on was what disadvantages it played in the lives and privacy of employees. There were various aspects like monitoring, which enhances the smooth running of affairs between employees. The aspect of employee monitoring has various advantages including effective work management that makes it possible for the smooth affairs of the organization (Wallace, 2004). The aspect of monitoring in an organization makes it possible for employees to have better communications. This is an advantage that makes it a better idea to implement. The other advantage tha t was attributed with employee monitoring is that it leads to productivity. This is an aspect that makes it better for an organization to achieve its objectives. However, employee monitoring has in its ethical aspect deemed as compromising. Additionally, the privacy in the workplace is not only compromised, but aspects like autonomy, dignity, trust, and respects are compromised. This has led to various questions that the paper aims at answering. Employers need to realize that monitoring should be done in an ethical manner. This article has gone ahead to assess how far organizations have gone ahead and suppressed the privacy of employees.Introduction There are various aspects that can arise as a result of employee and employer mistrust. The aspect of organization privacy is very common and very important in the workplace. This makes it possible for employees to provide their best and work with a motive of achieving the organizations objective. The growth in technology has, however, l ed to the change of this aspect. The evolving nature of technology has made it possible for the development of gadgets like surveillance cameras, which can be used to monitor all the events happening in an organization. Admittedly, conflict between employers and employees is bound to occur when employees realize they are being surveyed without their consent. This is an aspect that can affect the productivity of employees, leading to poor results. Additionally, the use of surveillance gadgets like cameras, can lead to mistrust, and also heighten the tensions among employees and employers (Rotenberg, Laurant, 2004). The aspect of surveillance is an integral in an organization as it makes it possible for the employees behaviors to be monitored. There are various gadgets of surveillance that the organization can choose to put into place ranging from systems of global positioning, chips for identifying radio frequency, video surveillance, telephone surveillance, and monitoring of keystr oke. The aspect that has led to the usage of technology is not surprising as aspects like the costs of operations, are reduced. Additionally, the use of technology has also facilitated proper communication, has ensured the expansion of businesses, and also reduces the amount of inventory used (King, Nancy 2003 p 135). However, the use of technology, has led to many concerns including why employers needs the information, what they intend to do with it, and why employees need to get concerned, and the ways in which employees can ensure their privacy despite the installation of these gadgets.Methodology In some of the literatures done, there are those who oppose the idea of installation of surveillance. The aspect of installation is very important to an organization. Parenti (2003) in his book states that the aspect of surveillance should be done, but organizations should realize that they consider some aspects. Some of the aspects that Parenti said is that the remedies lie in the leg al limitation, regulations, and a surveillance that is properly enforced. This is an aspect that makes it good as employees will realize they are under scrutiny. Parenti goes ahead to state that there are different ways and aspects where employers go wrong. The aspect of them surveying their employees makes them liable to secretive information (p 150). Various surveys have been conducted to know the organizations that practice surveillance. One of the surveys was conducted by the management association of America, which revealed that about 45 % of companies and organizations in the US practice surveillance. As a result of the rise in technology, this is an aspect that has been on the rise. There are various systems like the computer monitoring, which are easily installed in computers. This software monitors activities done using the computer and emails the manager with reports, which have been transacted with the computer (Nolan, 2003). Many employees fail to realize that their em ployers have access to their click stream data. Additionally, employees should realize that any information they communicate with other computers is also accessed by their employers. This is achieved through the use of providers like internet services. This is the aspect that makes Parenti (2003) state that the installation of surveillance gadgets should be known to everyone (p 151). Wallace (2004) states that organizations which monitors their employees, use aspects like systems of global positioning, chips for identifying radio frequency, video surveillance, telephone surveillance, and monitoring of keystroke. There are various justifications that Wallace states that lead to surveillance including productivity concerns, security concerns,...

Cultural And Social Aspects Of Health - 2777 Words

Domestic Violence Margarita Gonzalez HHPS 5365.01 Cultural and Social Aspects of Health Dr. Ledingham April 9, 2015 Introduction Domestic violence, also known as spousal abuse or intimate partner violence, occurs when an individual, in a relationship, victimizes their partner. The abuse comes in physical and mental states, in which the abuser uses shame, guilt, intimidation, humiliation, isolation, blame, fear, stalking, sex, or strength for control. This abuse can lead to the victim’s self worth is destroyed, becomes depressed and anxious, feels helpless and alone, and can become suicidal. An abuser, using physical abuse, will direct their blows to parts of the body that won’t show. After the abuse takes place, the abuser will feel guilt of getting caught rather than the guilt they should have hitting their partner followed by excuses and blaming their partner for the abuse. Psychological abuse can lead to emotional trauma, gastrointestinal disorders, and complications in pregnancy. Sexual abuse has also been found to occur in domestic violence cases, in which the victim is raped and can acquire sexually transmitted diseases from their partner (Preventing Intimate Partner Sexual Violence). The need for constant control leads the abuser to give their partner hope that they can change, although the abuser will only stop their abuse when it benefits them. The abuser does not want their partner to consider the slightest thought that they could survive without themShow MoreRelatedMaternal Depression On Child Wellbeing And Development1415 Words   |  6 Pagesfor me ntal health problems, including depression, anxiety, mood disorders and emotional difficulties (PadeskyHammen, 1981; Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007). The Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2007 has reported that â€Å"at some point in their lives one in five men experience anxiety and one in eight will have depression, whereas for women one in six experience depression and anxiety affects one in three†. 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The Identity Of Maxwell s Performance At The Verizon Center

In this paper, I will discuss the identity of Maxwell, derived from his performance at the Verizon Center. Maxwell’s performance represented his identity as a sensual male artist, whose appreciation for women grew from his mother playing the role of both parents. Furthermore, I will discuss how Maxwell’s influencers have played a role in his development as a Neo Soul artist. First, I will give background on the artist and the genre he belongs to. Next, I will provide background on the concert, such as the venue. Then, I will discuss aspects of his performance that mainly embody Maxwell’s identity. Finally, I will conclude with an overview of how Maxwell’s performance depicts his identity as a sensual, Neo Soul artist. Soul music is†¦show more content†¦Maxwell suffered the loss of his father in a plane crash when he was just three years old, and after this tragedy, he saw his mother become the backbone of the household. The experience made him a d eeply religious child, and he first began singing in his Baptist church in Brooklyn, where his grandmother would take him every Sunday for church service. At age of 17 Maxwell became serious about music, and the year was 1990 when he began writing his own songs using a cheap Casio keyboard given to him by a friend. Maxwell was greatly influenced by early- 80s RB artist such as Al Green, Marvin, Gaye and Prince. While being compared to these artists who influenced him, Maxwell maintained his own style of Neo Soul. Soon, his fan base rose rapidly, and by 1991, he was performing in New York clubs holding up to the comparisons while paving his own path as one of the founding fathers of Neo-Soul RB. Maxwell often says he was a nerd in High School, and his classmates couldn t imagine the shy, awkward teenager being a Neo-Soul Pioneer (online video, YouTube, accessed November 2, 2016). After making a name for himself in the nightclubs, he began to get noticed by major record labels. He gravitated toward Columbia Records, but he had certain aspects of his Page 3 identity such as his creative freedom that he did not want to relinquish. In 1998, in an, interview Travis Smiley, a MTV host whoShow MoreRelatedEssay on Wireless Electricity14464 Words   |  58 Pagesin its present state. Around 1861-62, mathematician James Clerk Maxwell came up with a series of differential equations which described the movement of electromagnetic waves through space. These difficult differential equations were known as Maxwell Equations and opened doors for how the concept of wireless power could finally be made into a reality and put to good use. â€Å"Remarkably, we use them (equations) to this day. Maxwell, by the way, had never seen a radio; they did not exist then, and heRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department , One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesmoney From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced

Early American Education and Early Education Laws

â€Å"The philosophy of the ____schoolroom______ in one generation will be the philosophy of ____goverment________________ of the next.† – Abraham Lincoln EARLY AMERICAN EDUCATION Harvard Started by the Congregationalist, Harvard was founded as a school that trained men for the ministry of being a pastor (Barton, (2004)). Its philosophy was â€Å"Christ and the church and to the glory of God† (Barton, (2004)). This school produced great men such as Cushing, Pickering and many more that would lay a Godly foundation for education (Barton, (2004)). Yale Started by the Congregationalist, this too was founded as a school to train men for the ministry (Barton, (2004)). This school produced men that signed the Declaration of Independence as†¦show more content†¦Emma Willard Emma Willard was a pioneer in education for women in a time when it was believed that only men should be educated. She was a successful author of educational textbooks that were deeply rooted in the Bible. Her educational philosophy was that Christianity was important to public education. Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington was the most significant educator in the African American community. He also headed the Tuskegee Institution and founded a Bible College to improve education for pastors. His school incorporated Biblical principles into every aspect of education (Barton, (2004)). Daniel Webster Daniel Webster had much influence on the educational system in America. He tried a case before the United State’s Supreme Court regarding a school in Philadelphia that had forbid religious leaders to be on the campus of the school. He believed that the Word of God was it was a force that would last to the end of time. He opposed any education that restricted the Bible from education (Barton, (2004)). MEASURING RESULTS OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES Martin Luther Martin Luther stated very well that if we do not teach the Word of God in public schools, then the schools would be so corrupt that children would be led to hell (Barton, (2004)). He believed that the Word of God would foster a society of goodness. His educational philosophy was â€Å"the Holy Scriptures must be taught in all publicShow MoreRelatedEssay How to Give American Students a Billingual Education1325 Words   |  6 PagesColumbus first said when stepping on American soil. Perhaps he said: â€Å"This land holds great promise.† Whatever he said the more fascinating question to ponder centers around what language did he speak, for Christopher Columbus, a multi-linguist, knew Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese. So what happened to the diversity of languages in this land of promise? 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The MThe Measurement of Psychological Androgeny by Sandra Bem

Sandra Bem, a pioneer in social psychology, introduced the concept of androgyny in her 1974 study, ‘The Measurement of Psychological Androgyny’. Bem was the first in her field to suggest that masculinity and femininity range on two separate dimensions as opposed to one single dichotomy. The study encountered statistically significant results to this idea and it was found that Bem’s idea of androgyny had been supported. Further psychological research has shown that Bem’s original study had great impact on the psychological and sociological communities together, influencing further researching and becoming applicable as a reference in court proceedings such as, that of Norrie May-Welby (Bibby, 2013). In 1981, Bem furthered her research with ‘Gender Schema Theory: A Cognitive Account of Sex-Typing’, a revision of the findings from her 1974 study with an additional analysis on how gender is perceived and determined by the individual and the cogniti ve processes involved in identifying maleness and femaleness in the environment. The BSRI remains applicable to both disciplinary and practicing psychology and will still produce similar results (Carver et al, 2013). Bem was a significant influence on the study of psychological androgyny and social psychology as a whole. The 1974 study prompted much criticism, which Bem often considered in her further works, assisting to further the understanding of androgyny and gender in psychology. Bem believed that the masculine/feminine

Research Reading Newspaper Habits Free Essays

string(89) " there is null number of student who strongly disagree that they love to read newspaper\." I. Introduction B. Background of the Study Newspapers help to improve reading habits, knowledge and awareness. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Reading Newspaper Habits or any similar topic only for you Order Now They can be part of good study habits for students in any area of specialization. Malaysia is a developing country with many ethnic communities who wish to live together. Efforts to solve cultural adaptation problems should be multi-dimensional and long term. Nowadays many students are not aware alert with the information surrounding and the current issue that happened in the world and Malaysia especially. Therefore, we are really believed that by reading the newspaper will help student especially to gain their knowledge. A newspaper is usually an everyday publication. It contains news, opinions, advertisements, notice and information of all kinds. It also publishes all matters of general interest. It is a very useful mass medium. It keeps people aware about the current events of the world. It publishes views about national and international issues and public opinion. Commodity prices, share market reports, race course events, sports news, news about films, fashions and entertainments are some of its regular features. Newspapers have also columns for children and women and even for the students’ preparation for examination. In fact, a newspaper is an encyclopaedia, a store house of knowledge and information at the cheapest price. Thus a newspaper bears interest of every section of people and is an attraction for every kind of readers. C. Problem Statement By reading the newspaper we really ensure that there are important for college students, whose needs being up to date with the issue around them. Many of them are not taking serious with the knowledge that happened and the levels of their knowledge of the current issues are very low. That will give the negative effect of their knowledge of current issues and might be effect when they want to find the job in the future. D. Purpose The purpose of this report is to investigate the newspaper reading habits among part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka. E. Objective The objectives of the report are to investigate the newspaper reading habits of Part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka and recommend the action that should be taken to enhance these habits among the students. F. Significant Report I. To the respondents This research is hoped to give hands to students in measuring their level of global and current issue knowledge by reading the newspaper. It also helps them to improve their languages and communication skill weakness by reading the newspapers. This research is a guide to helping college students take charge of their learning in their university environment, by capitalizing on their motivation arising from curiosity. It helps students gain independence from the lecture-study-exam system, with a resulting sense of thinking â€Å"I know my stuff†. The guide argues that many students who do not work to their potential have a low awareness of behaviours that contribute to academic success. II. To the researchers This research will give the researcher some knowledge about the factors that influence UiTM students of reading habits. The researcher will get experience due to exposure to the real situation as it require researcher to communicate directly to the respondents. The environmental situation can be useful in the future for the researcher in dealing with the real environment. III. To the faculty With this study, the researchers expect that faculty will develop strategic solutions regarding newspaper reading habits if we found out that most of the students have newspaper reading habits are very low. Furthermore, this study also can assist other students to gather information and make reference to findings from past research. G. Limitations This study has several limitations which are: I. The sample of the study The sample of the study was too small since only taken at UiTM KBM, only involve business faculty. It is also limited within part 4 students. The information and feedback were obtained only from small group of population caused in narrow result. II. Data collection method The result of this research is limited due to only one of data collection method applied. The research only use questionnaire to collect data from respondent. It also may raise the possibility of dishonesty in answering the questionnaire. III. Data Analysis The analysis only uses frequency and percentage as method of measurement of findings. It may be resulting in less accurate in findings. I. Procedural Methods A. Primary sources data 1. Questionnaires This questionnaire is about newspaper reading habits. The purpose of this survey is to investigate the newspaper reading habits among part 4 students in UiTM KBM. The information of this report was obtained through a survey in which 50 questionnaire were distributed to part 4 students at UiTM in this campus. There are 50 questions in this survey that can help the respondents to know about how well they gain their knowledge and also can discover their areas that will make them attract to read the newspapers. The scale of measurement of this survey is liked and multiple choices scale. B. Secondary data We also used secondary sources of data to get more information in order to complete this research. The sources of data that we have used are journal and article that we had obtain from the internet. These articles and journal has helped lots in finding good references and information that can be used in this research. II. Data Analysis The analysis only uses frequency, number and percentage as method of measurement of findings. It may be resulting in less accurate in findings. III. Main Findings It was found that: The finding report such as follows: QUESTION 1 Figure 4. 1 The figure 4. 1 shows that 12 of students are strongly agree that they love to read newspaper but only 16 of students agree. On the other hand, 12 of students indicate neutral and only 10 students who are disagree about this statement. But there is null number of student who strongly disagree that they love to read newspaper. You read "Research Reading Newspaper Habits" in category "Essay examples" According to the graph, mostly UiTM KBM students agree that they love to read newspaper. The students will read newspaper at least once a month rather than not read it at all. This finding shows that the newspaper reading habit among Uitm KBM students is good. QUESTION 2 Figure 4. 2 The figure 4. 2 shows that 3 of students are strongly agree that they read newspaper every morning and only 11 students who are agree. However, 23 students are neutral and 12 students disagree that they read newspaper every morning. But only 1 student who is strongly disagreeing read newspaper every morning. The graph shows that the number of neutral students is higher han others. So this means that, there are many students still read newspaper every morning even though the students who disagree read newspaper every morning increase. This indicates that, many students still read newspaper even though there are many things that most interesting for teenagers. QUESTION 3 Figure 4. 3 The figure 4. 3 shows that 10 students who are strongly agree that the price of newspaper is affordable to purcha se and the number increase to the 18 student who are agree with the price of newspaper. On the other hand, 12 students are neutral, 7 students are disagreeing and the rest is only 3 students who strongly disagree that the price of newspaper is affordable to purchase. Mostly, students are agreeing that the price of newspaper is affordable to purchase. Even they still studying and not have higher income; they still can affordable to purchase newspaper. Usually the price of newspaper is around RM1. 50. So, there is no reason why students or any people are not affording to buy newspaper. QUESTION 4 Figure 4. 4 The figure 4. shows that 3 students are strongly agreed that they have allocated some of their money to buy newspaper monthly. However, there are 15 students who are agreed and 17 students who are neutrally spend some money to buy newspaper every month. But 10 students are disagreeing about this statement and the rest is 5 students who strongly disagree that they are not allocate some of their money to buy any newspaper monthly. Mostly, students react neutrally to spe nd some of their money to buy newspaper every month. This is because, as a student, they have no enough money to spend some of their money to buy newspaper monthly. They will buy it if there is enough money for them to spend for their foods, assignments and others. QUESTION 5 Figure 4. 5 The figure 4. 5 shows those 4 students who strongly agree and 16 students who are agree to spend their time at least 30 minutes daily to read newspaper. But it is increase one number in neutral which is 17 students who are neutral to spend at least 30 minutes daily to read newspaper. There are 12 students who are disagree about to spent their time to read newspaper. But only one person who is strongly disagrees about this statement. Mostly, students sometime spending their time to read newspaper in the library, buy it themselves or online the news. According to survey, many students love to spend their idle time to read newspaper. Usually, UiTM KBM students refer to read newspaper in the library when they have no class at that time. QUESTION 6 Figure 4. 6 The figure 4. 6 shows the selection of headline among respondent of UiTM KBM students when buy the newspaper. 27% of the respondent choose neutral and disagree for the selection of headline when buy the newspaper which is they would buy the newspaper when the headline is sensationalized. Then, followed by 18% of respondent chose to agree and strongly agree buy the newspaper because of the sensationalized headline and other 10% strongly disagree about the choosing of sensationalized headline when buying the newspaper. From this question, we can see that the bigger amounts of respondent are disagree with the question which is choosing the sensational headline when buying the newspaper and also many of them do not feel like the sensational headline is the issue to buy the newspaper. Other than that, the other respondent shows the attraction of the sensational headline is the factor that they choose to buy the newspaper. QUESTION 7 Figure 4. 7 The figure 4. 7 shows the news in the newspaper that the respondent rate based on the informative news in the newspaper. The higher percentage shows 37% of the respondent agree the news is informative to them and followed by 24% of the respondent strongly agree that the news in the newspaper is informative. About 18% of the respondent feel there are few news in the newspaper is informative and 12% of the respondent disagree the news in the newspaper is informative. The least respondent which is only 10% of them strongly disagree that the news is informative. We can see from this that, the respondent will read the newspaper because they want to information and it show that they realize the newspaper can provide them more information. The least respondent that strongly disagree with the statement that they can get the information from the newspaper because they feel like they would prefer to get the information from other sources like internet, library and etc. QUESTION 8 Figure 4. 8 The figure 4. 8 show the respondent would choose to use both sources to know about the news that represent about 26% of them. Followed by 24 % disagree, 19 % strongly disagree, 17% agree and only 10 % strongly agree. We can see that the respondent prefer to use both source to get what information that they want because they can get the information in newspaper if the information that they want are not shown in the television. The other side, the respondent was strongly disagree with the statement is the second highest because they think that the news also provided in the television and it is for them to understand the information that they want. QUESTION 9 Figure 4. 9 The figure 4. 9 shows the statement that the respondent can get the information from newspaper and 36 percent of them answer they can gain knowledge not only from the newspaper; they also can gain the knowledge from the media Massa. Followed by 32% of respondent agree with the statement, 18% strongly agree, 12% disagree, and only 4% strongly disagree. We can see that they feel easy to gain knowledge from the newspaper because most of the respondents give a positive answer to the question. QUESTION 10 Figure 4. 10 The figure 4. 10 shows the respondent whether they practice or not reading newspaper as a part of the life. Many of them feel like they want to practice it as a part of their life and also try other method to be a habit on gaining the knowledge. We can see that the highest respondent chooses to practice reading newspapers as a part of their life which is 36%. Followed by 22% of respondent agree to practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life because they can gain more knowledge and also improve their reading skill. 8 percent of the respondent strongly disagree with the practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life, followed by 14% disagree and only 12% strongly disagree to practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life. QUESTION 11 Figure 4. 11 From the figure 4. 11 it was found that out of 50 respondents, they have chosen parents that influenced them to read the newspaper which contributed 62%. The 12 respondents agree that their peers were influence d them to read the newspaper. Next 8% of the respondents are believe that the lecturer in the university have been influences them to read the newspapers. However, 3 of the respondent said that they self and seeking of the information needed are the factors that influenced them to read newspapers. QUESTION 12 Figure 4. 12 From the figure 4. 12, it was found that the majority of the respondents are read newspaper for 2-3 times in a week. The14 respondents are been chosen that they only read newspaper for 1 time in a week. Then the10 respondents are read the newspaper for 4-5 times in a week. However, there are 8 respondents only read the newspaper for everyday (6-7 times). QUESTION 13 Figure 4. 13 From the figure 4. 3, it was found that the majority of the respondents have been chosen that they are more prefer to the newspaper. The 15 of the respondents are more prefer to the news online. The next 14 of our respondents are preferred on the both types of the newspaper to getting the information and knowledge. QUESTION 14 Figure 4. 14 From the figure 4. 14, it was found that the most of the respondents are choosing Harian Metro as their f avourite newspaper. The 22% of our respondents are choosing News Strait Times. The next 18% of our respondents are choosing The Star. The rest of the respondents are stated other newspaper as their favourite newspaper such as Berita Harian, Utusan, Kosmo and Sinar Harian as the choice. QUESTION 15 Figure 4. 15 From the figure 4. 15, it was found that the majority of the respondents are loved to read News section when they are reading the newspaper. The 32% of the respondents are chosen the Sport section. Then the 28% of the respondents are chosen the Entertainment section every time they read newspaper. The respondent number 17 are choosing Others (he or she are not specify their answer) as their favourite section in the newspaper. QUESTION 16 Figure 4. 16 From the figure 4. 16 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the famous method that newspaper use to attract readers. 50% which is 25 out of 50 respondents choose sensational headline as a newspaper famous method. Next, 32% which is 16 respondents out of 50 choose being more creative in packaging the information as a newspaper famous method. Only 9 respondents which is 18% choose do survey of people readership habits method as a newspaper famous method and none of them choose others. QUESTION 17 Figure 4. 17 From the figure 4. 7 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the best benefits that they can get from reading newspaper. 56% which is 28 out of 50 respondents choose new information benefit that they can get from reading newspaper. Next, 30% which is 15 respondents out of 50 choose increase confident level as benefit. Only 5 respondents which are 10% choose improve language and verbal ability as benefit that they can get from reading newspaper and none of them choose others. QUESTION 18 Figure 4. 18 From the figure 4. 18 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the barrier that may hinder them from reading newspaper. 2% which is 21 out of 50 respondents choose lack of awareness as barrier to them from reading newspaper. Next, 32% which is 16 respondents out of 50 choose limited time as barrier to them due to a lot of assignment and pack schedule. Only 13 respondents which are 26% choose information obtained from other sources as barrier for them to read newspaper and none of them choose others. QUESTION 19 Figure 4. 19 From the figure 4. 19 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students frequently in visiting the UiTM KBM library for the purpose of reading newspaper. 42% hich is 21 out of 50 respondents will go to the library only at their free periods to read newspaper. Next, 30% which is 15 respondents out of 50 said none of them visited the library for the purpose of reading newspaper. Only 14 out of 50 respondents which are 28% said they had visited the library once only and none of them choose others. QUESTION 20 Figure 4. 20 From the figure 4. 20 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM student’s impression towards newspaper services rendered by the UiTM KBM. 38% which is 19 out of 50 respondents had rate good and poor impression equally. Next, 22% which is 11 respondents out of 50 had rate excellent on newspaper services rendered by the UiTM KBM and only 1 respondent which is 2% had choose others as his or her impression. . IV. Main Conclusion This research investigated the newspaper reading habits among the part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka. The primary data were collected by the randomly distributing questionnaires to 50 students. As a mention earlier in the introduction, the purpose of this study was to investigate the newspaper reading habits among student to gain their knowledge. The following conclusions can be draw from the study. To begin with, this study can be that the part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka are still not make reading newspapers to be their habits. In addition, we are believed that the students are not really using the facilities given by the university. They still give some reasons on the refusing reading the newspaper. Therefore parents, lecturer, peers and communities surrounding have to take action to open their eyes that to prove by reading the newspaper they will gain their knowledge that can be use for their future. Otherwise, the student will be lack of the knowledge of current issue around them. However, these findings are only true for the UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka students and cannot be generalized to other university students. The same study need to be conducted with students from other universities to see if there are any similarities with the factors that will influence of newspaper reading habits and the effect of that to the student itself for he or she in the future. V. Recommendations Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, the following are the several recommendations to increase the newspaper reading habits. Library users read newspaper to get the latest information about what is happening around. Newspaper is essential for university students but due to the enormous explosion of information published in the form of newspapers in different languages in particular, it is impossible for libraries to subscribe all that is published at the national and international levels. Under these circumstances the best way of serving the users is by proper display of newspaper and notifying users about new information related to education. In library there should be adequate newspaper to accelerate reading habits. This study help librarians understand the importance of newspapers and improve the services related to the newspapers. In order to maintain and raise the newspaper reading habit among the UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka, the other suggestions and recommendation is to promote newspaper reading habit among other students in this campus. Besides that, electronic newspapers are more help to read all information in a very short period. So, students can read newspaper every time and everywhere. Online newspapers also may help to find out latest development in various fields, employment news and other important news to improve their knowledge skills. On the other hand, the educational institutions should motivate and give opportunity to the students for read online newspapers and improve their knowledge skills. Besides that, as a student, they have to find and make more time for reading, always have a book or newspaper around, set a reading goal, keep a log, keep a list and build your own strategy and drop everything read. VI. References Norazman Abdul Majid, M. A. (2012). Academic Report Writing From Research to Presentation (Updated Second Edition). Kuala Lumpur: Prentice Hall. Kumar, D. (2011). Retrieved from Digital Common University India: http://digitalcommons. unl. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1488;context=libphilprac;sei-redir=1;referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. google. com. my%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dnewspaper%2520reading%2520habits%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D3%26ved%3D0CGEQFjAC%26url%3Dhttp%25 How to cite Research Reading Newspaper Habits, Essays

Views of the State of Nature Held by Hobbes and Locke free essay sample

I shall start off by first defining the meaning of A State of Nature. As the likes of Hobbes, Rousseau and Locke wrote about it, it means man when he was natural in his state of nature, uninfluenced by society, and the temptations of today. There are no rights in a state of nature, only freedom to do as one wishes. It is a term used to illustrate the theoretical condition of civilization before the states foundation in Social Contract Theories. In the dictionary it is described as â€Å"a wild primitive state untouched by civilization. Both Hobbes and Locke discuss the state of nature with the positives and negatives in mind. Thomas Hobbs wonders what life would be like without a government to keep ruling over all of us, and John Locke believed the government should be working for the citizens and protecting them. Throughout my essay I am going to be comparing and contrasting their differences and similarities. I begin my essay by first taking a look at John Locke and his opinions and beliefs. John Locke lived from 1632 till 1704; during his life he founded the School of Empiricism. He studied at the Westminster School in London; he gained a Bachelor of Medicine in 1674 after having studied at Oxford. He had never married, nor had he children; he died in 1704 after a long demur in his health. Locke published his Second Treatise of Government in 1689 anonymously as it an extremely strong minded piece of Political Philosophy. It outlines a theory based on contract theory and natural rights. In The Second Treatise of Government Locke asks, What State all men are in? What is a State of Nature? From everything I have read, in my opinion, I believe Locke’s idea of state of nature to be a state of paradise, it sounds quite idyllic, no currency worries, no prejudice, no one man is better than the other. What State are all Men in? First of all Locke believed all men were born as equals, with a good and independent nature. It was in 1960 that Locke wrote his Two Treatises of Government, and within this he attacked the theory of Divine right of Kings and the nature of the State, as conceived by Hobbes. I read in detail his Second Treatise of Government and found it an extremely interesting read. Locke has a different view on the State of Nature in contrast to Hobbs; he supposed human nature was characterized by tolerance and reason. Locke believed human nature was what possessed men to act selfish, this is seen with the introduction of currency. Without currency and in a natural state, everyone was equal, â€Å"should also be equal amount another without subordination or subjection † (Second Treatise of Government, Page 8). No one had more or less than the other. Therefore everyone was independent, and reliant on only their selves. Locke wrote: â€Å"For all men it’s a state of perfect freedom to order their actions/as they think fit, within the law of nature, without asking leave, or depending on the will of any other man† Man had the right to do as his wished and that in true nature we are all reasonable beings, and therefore we should use our rationality to live together, not needing a social contract to bind us all, but using reason and instinct to guide us to living peacefully together. What State are all men naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom, to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons. † (Second Treatise of Government, Page 8. ) Locke claimed that a Political Society only came about because people gave up their natural power to protect their property, and gave into the hands of the community. Locke believed it to be the community that punished offences and handled dispute s, for he feared a State of Nature didn’t have everyone’s rights protected, and therefore a Government was needed to protect their three absolute rights. These being Life, Liberty and Property. In summarise, Locke believed a State of Nature was a placed where man makes his own natural laws, no one man has power over the other, this does not, though, give man right to abuse his fellow, and thus leads to there being Natural Law within this State of Nature. He says all men are in a State of Nature until they make a special agreement which in turn makes them a component of a political society. â€Å"But I moreover affirm that all men are naturally in that state, and remain so, till by their own consents they make themselves members of some politic society, and I doubt not in the sequel of this discourse, to make it very clear. (Second Treatise of Government, Page 13/14). Hobbs views A State of Nature in a different way, he views it as a State of War, in which everyman has to fight for himself, meaning that selfishness and self preservation would chair over morality and dignity. â€Å" the weakest has strength enough to kill the strongest, either by secret machination or by co nfederacy with others that are in the same danger with himself. † (Leviathan). To Hobbs life without a Government would lead to this State of Nature or this State of War as he preferred. In order for man to live beside one another they would need to agree to a Social Contract. His book ‘Leviathan’ was written during the English Civil War and tells us of his doctrine for the groundwork of legitimate governments and societies. Hobbs was born April 1588 and went on the graduate from Oxford, as did Locke. From 1637 he considered himself a philosopher. Hobbs questions what life would be like without a Government, everyone having a right, in Hobbs view would lead to there being a break out of conflict, each man fighting against his fellow. He believes our lives would be solitary, and so to escape this solitary life man must agree to a Social Contract. In Hobbs’s view, we, as a society, are a population underneath a key authority to which all individuals must surrender their natural rights for their own protection. One downfall I see is that any abuse of this power by whoever holds this authority is to be accepted as the price of piece. Which seems somewhat contradictory to me, for surly if the person who held this authority was to abuse this power he posses there were surly be an outcry of war and conflict between him and those that are lower than him. Whereas in A State of Nature, everyone is equal and is to do as they please. Both a State of Nature and having a main authority figure have their consequences and sacrifices. Hobbs main idea was that the Government has been given this colossal responsibility to keep peace at whichever cost, for it was our right, as humans, to life. Oppression and tyranny was tolerable to Hobbs, so long as people’s lives were guarded. With Hobbs, as soon as a Civil Government is formed, this State of Nature, of equality is executed and no longer exists amid individuals, because of the civil power which is around to put into effect contracts. But, between nations, there is no power like this which exists and this leads to war, the nations right to protect and preserve their selves, just as man in a State of Nature possessed. Where Locke differs is that he believes a State of Nature was already a State of War, and in order to defer this from happening a main authority figure was needed to keep the peace and overrule all that was happening. Locke has a somewhat more positive view on a State of Nature; he has faith in man and the individual, believing that naturally we are good natured. The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges everyone: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions. † (Second Treatise of Government, Page 9). He believes we can all live peacefully together because that is naturally how we want to be. He has a lot of faith in reason, and feels that’s what governs us as men, is our ability to reason, and therefore he thinks we will not harm another, or touch another’s possessions because our reason and natural state tells us otherwise. Hobbs had a darker view, believe that man would act in a more selfish way and would go to many lengths to gain what he wanted. â€Å" and therefore if any two men desire the same thing, which nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies, and in the way to their End (which is principally their own conservation, and sometimes their delectation only) endeavour to destroy or subdue another. † (Leviathan). Jealousy, war, the need to have become over powering , man would go as far as to kill to get what he wants in a State of Nature, for there is no overall power to give law as to what is right and wrong. He believed to stop this there would have to be a Government that kept the peace. He believed we would continually be in competition for natural needs like shelter, food etc, and a Government could control the taking of these things. To me this doesn’t sound like a society that anyone would be content in, and Hobbs wrote â€Å"men have no pleasure (but on the contrary a great deal of grief) in keeping company where there is no power able to overawe them all. † (Leviathan). Locke doesn’t feel we need a Government ruling over us because we should have a contracted relationship between ourselves, man, and chosen government authorities. To bring this topic into our current time I shall make an example explaining Locke’s idea. If, for example, Gordon Brown was the suddenly declare that all those of a certain faith were evil and not to be trusted, and ordered for their arrest right away, without any proof they had done wrong or broken the law, then Locke believed people would replace and overthrow Gordon Brown with another Authority figure that would not violate the Social Contract that was agreed n between man and the Government individuals. As I had said before, Hobbs believed man one right was to life, and it was therefore the Governments responsibility to keep the peace and protect us. He felt killing someone in a State of Nature was the same as letting someone live, because to Hobbs in a State of Nature anything is allowed. With no Governm ent setting laws and telling people how to act man can do as he wishes. â€Å"Where there is no common power, there is no law, where no law, no injustice. (Leviathan). But this is where we see Locke having more faith in man, he believed the people within this State of Nature would have their limits on what they believed was right or wrong, what they could or could not do. One example of this is that people within the State of Nature would be allowed to live by whatever life rules they believed in, so long as they did not inflict harm on other people. But I believe this is not how people would live, without one all ruling leader there will always be conflict. Look at our society today, there are many different Governments, with different laws, living by different religions and beliefs, and there is still harm being inflicted upon one another. With one over bearing ruler, one main figure of authority surly all rules and laws would be the same, and therefore we would all have to live as an equal society? In Hobbs view, today we would need one main figure to keep the peace and control what happened, society having to make certain sacrifices. To Locke, I believe he would be shocked at mans, what now seems, instinctive emotion to hurt one another, to protect their selves no matter what. Looking at 9/11, it blows Locke’s theory out of the water, that man may believe in any religion they wish so long as they do not inflict harm on another human, and it somewhat highlights Hobbs theory, that without one authority figure, it is our natural instinct to protect ourselves, this shown with America invading Iraq. A lot of people say that Locke’s State of nature is much nicer than Hobbs, and yes, Hobbs’s idea of a State of Nature isn’t what we would like it to be, but I see Locke’s idea of a State of Nature as a kind of idyllic dream. That isn’t how man is; Hobbs is a lot more realistic in the sense of Society today. Obliviously it is a lot more complicated than just inserting a main Authority figure, but it doesn’t appear the Government and Societies are working to keep peace very well today. I favour very much Hobbs idea of a State of Nature, which he believes to be more a State of War. â€Å"Hereby is it manifest that during the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war. † (Leviathan). Life would be a constant battle to protect oneself and one’s possessions. With no laws, no one to dictate what is right or wrong, whether we believe it morally to be true or not, there are men who will do what it takes to gain what they want. Self preservation would out rule morals and it would almost certainly be a ‘dog eat dog’ world. However, I would very much like to live in a world, a state, which Locke describes and believes in, but from the way society is today, personal experiences, it’s not hard to see that mans natural ability to not harm another is shadowed somewhat by his desire to take care of his own interests. Thomas Hobbs and John Locke are two of the most significant influences of modern Government. One has complete confidence in man, the other does not. One believes we need one figure that holds all responsibility to keep man at peace with another, one believes a social contract between man and an elected figure is needed to keep peace. Either way you can’t really argue that these two men have had a massive influence on society, it was even said that Locke’s Second Treatise of Government to a great extent influenced the American Declaration of Independence. Though both have a lot of difference in how they view a State of Nature, I also see similarities, the main one being, although different types, they both feel some kind of Government is needed within a State of Nature so there can be boundaries. A world without any kind of Government to set laws and inflict justice would be a world with constant riot, war, and over run with selfishness and man’s one need to keep him alive. To Hobbs, one authority figure would keep the people from a State of Nature and a State of War, but Locke felt this figure was already within this State of Nature, and because of his absolute authority, had put himself in a State of War with the individuals of this civilization. Also, they both believe in mans one right to preserve himself, though Locke has more faith in man in that he will reason with himself and not harm another, whereas Hobbs believes man would go to any lengths to protect himself, even the urder of his fellow man. To Hobbs, in a State of Nature, man determines right and wrong but what he needs and wants, whereas Locke takes on more the view of reason, and right and wrong is determined by mans morals and reasons. But differences aside, without Hobbs influence on Locke’s work political society would be very different today. Hobbs first highlighted Social Contract Theory, and Locke was the first to argue it. The world of politics owes a lot to them.